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    Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA. doi: 10.1177/02611929221140909
    The Current Status and Work of Three Rs Centres and Platforms in Europe.
    Neuhaus W1,  Reininger-Gutmann B2,  Rinner B3,  Plasenzotti R4,  Wilflingseder D5,  De Kock J6,  Vanhaecke T7,  Rogiers V8,  Jírová D9,  Kejlová K10,  Knudsen LE11,  Nielsen RN12,  Kleuser B13,  Kral V14,  Thöne-Reineke C15,  Hartung T16,  Pallocca G17,  Rovida C18,  Leist M19,  Hippenstiel S20,  Lang A21,  Retter I22,  Krämer S23,  Jedlicka P24,  Ameli K25,  Fritsche E26,  Tigges J27,  Kuchovská E28,  Buettner M29,  Bleich A30,  Baumgart N31,  Baumgart J32,  Meinhardt MW33,  Spanagel R34,  Chourbaji S35,  Kränzlin B36,  Seeger B37,  von Köckritz-Blickwede M38,  Sánchez-Morgado JM39,  Galligioni V40,  Ruiz-Pérez D41,  Movia D42,  Prina-Mello A43,  Ahluwalia A44,  Chiono V45,  Gutleb AC46,  Schmit M47,  van Golen B48,  van Weereld L49,  Kienhuis A50,  van Oort E51,  van der Valk J52,  Smith A53,  Roszak J54,  Stępnik M55,  Sobańska Z56,  Reszka E57,  Olsson IAS58,  Franco NH59,  Sevastre B60,  Kandarova H61,  Capdevila S62,  Johansson J63,  Svensk E64,  Cederroth CR65,  Sandström J66,  Ragan I67,  Bubalo N68,  Kurreck J69,  Spielmann H70
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    Abstract

    The adoption of on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes has given a major push to the formation of Three Rs initiatives in the form of centres and platforms. These centres and platforms are dedicated to the so-called Three Rs, which are the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal use in experiments. 's 50th Anniversary year has seen the publication of two articles on European Three Rs centres and platforms. The first of these was about the progressive rise in their numbers and about their founding history; this second part focuses on their current status and activities. This article takes a closer look at their financial and organisational structures, describes their Three Rs focus and core activities (dissemination, education, implementation, scientific quality/translatability, ethics), and presents their areas of responsibility and projects in detail. This overview of the work and diverse structures of the Three Rs centres and platforms is not only intended to bring them closer to the reader, but also to provide role models and show examples of how such Three Rs centres and platforms could be made sustainable. The Three Rs centres and platforms are very important focal points and play an immense role as facilitators of 'on the ground' in their respective countries. They are also invaluable for the wide dissemination of information and for promoting the implementation of the Three Rs in general.


    KEYWORDS: 3R, 3Rs, EU3Rnet, NAM, NAMs, new approach methodologies, non-animal methods, novel approach methodologies

    Publikations ID: 36458800
    Quelle: öffnen
     
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