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    Pediatric diabetes. 2022 Sep 13. doi: 10.1111/pedi.13416
    Differences in retinopathy prevalence and associated risk factors across 11 countries in three continents: A cross-sectional study of 156,090 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
    Bratina N1,  Auzanneau M2,  Birkebaek N3,  de Beaufort C4,  Cherubini V5,  Craig ME6,  Dabelea D7,  Dovc K8,  Hofer SE9,  Holl RW10,  Jensen ET11,  Mul D12,  Nagl K13,  Robinson H14,  Schierloh U15,  Svensson J16,  Tiberi V17,  Veeze HJ18,  Warner JT19,  Donaghue KC20
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    Abstract

    OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, time trends, and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from 11 countries (Australia, Austria, Denmark, England, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Slovenia, USA, and Wales).

    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data on individuals aged 10-21 years with T1D for >1 year during the period 2000-2020 were analyzed. We used a cross-sectional design using the most recent year of visit to investigate the time trend. For datasets with longitudinal data, we aggregated the variables per participant and observational year, using data of the most recent year to take the longest observation period into account. DR screening was performed through quality assured national screening programs. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for the year of the eye examination, age, gender, minority status, and duration of T1D were used to evaluate clinical characteristics and the risk of DR.

    RESULTS: Data from 156,090 individuals (47.1% female, median age 15.7 years, median duration of diabetes 5.2 years) were included. Overall, the unadjusted prevalence of any DR was 5.8%, varying from 0.0% (0/276) to 16.2% between countries. The probability of DR increased with longer disease duration (aOR =1.04, 95%CI:1.03-1.04, P<0.0001), and decreased over time (aOR =0.99, 95%CI:0.98-1.00, P=0.0093) Evaluating possible modifiable risk factors in the exploratory analysis, the probability of DR increased with higher HbA1c (aOR =1.03, 95%CI:1.03-1.03, P<0.0001) and was higher among individuals with hypertension (aOR=1.24, 95%CI:1.11-1.38, P<0.0001) and smokers (aOR=1.30, 95%CI:1.17-1.44, P<0.0001).

    CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DR in this large cohort of youth with T1D varied among countries, increased with diabetes duration, decreased over time, and was associated with higher HbA1c, hypertension, and smoking. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


    This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

    KEYWORDS: adolescents, children, diabetic retinopathy, type 1 diabetes

    Publikations ID: 36097824
    Quelle: öffnen
     
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