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| Allergy. 2022 Jun 12. doi: 10.1111/all.15406 |
| Combined assessment of S- and N-specific IL-2 and IL-13 secretion and CD69 neo-expression for discrimination of post-infection and post-vaccination cellular SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response. |
| Kratzer B1, Schlax LC2, Gattinger P3, Waidhofer-Söllner P4, Trapin D5, Tauber PA6, Sehgal ANA7, Körmöczi U8, Rottal A9, Feichter M10, Oberhofer T11, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K12, Borochova K13, Dorofeeva Y14, Tulaeva I15, Weber M16, Mühl B17, Kropfmüller A18, Negrin B19, Kundi M20, Valenta R21, Pickl WF22 |
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Antibody-based tests are available for measuring SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses but fast T cell assays remain scarce. Robust T cell-based tests are needed to differentiate specific cellular immune responses after infection from those after vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred seventeen individuals (COVID-19 convalescent patients: n=40; SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees: n=41; healthy controls: n=36) were evaluated for SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immune responses (proliferation, Th1, Th2, Th17, and inflammatory cytokines, activation-induced marker (AIM) expression) by incubating purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or whole blood (WB) with SARS-CoV-2 peptides (S, N, or M), vaccine antigens (tetanus toxoid, tick borne encephalitis virus) or polyclonal stimuli (Staphylococcal superantigen, phytohemagglutinin). RESULTS: N-peptide mix stimulation of WB identified the combination of IL-2 and IL-13 secretion as superior to IFN-γ secretion to discriminate between COVID-19-convalescent patients and healthy controls (p<0.0001). Comparable results were obtained with M- or S-peptides, the latter almost comparably recalled IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-13 responses in WB of vaccinees. Analysis 10 months as opposed to 10 weeks after COVID-19, but not allergic disease status, positively correlated with IL-13 recall responses. WB cytokine responses correlated with cytokine and proliferation responses of PBMC. Antigen-induced neo-expression of the C-type lectin CD69 on CD4 (p<0.0001) and CD8 (p=0.0002) T cells informed best about the SARS-CoV-2 exposure status with additional benefit coming from CD25 upregulation. CONCLUSION: Along with N- and S-peptide-induced IL-2 and CD69 neo-expression we suggest to include the type 2 cytokine IL-13 as T cellular recall marker for SARS-CoV-2 specific T cellular immune responses after infection and vaccination. |
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This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
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KEYWORDS: COVID, SARS-CoV-2, T cells, biomarker, cellular immune response, flow cytometry, infection, lymphocytes, vaccination |
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Publikations ID: 35690994 Quelle: öffnen |
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