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    Nature. 2022 Apr 8. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5. pii: 10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5
    Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia.
    Trubetskoy V1,  Pardiñas AF2,  Qi T3,  Panagiotaropoulou G4,  Awasthi S5,  Bigdeli TB6,  Bryois J7,  Chen CY8,  Dennison CA9,  Hall LS10,  Lam M11,  Watanabe K12,  Frei O13,  Ge T14,  Harwood JC15,  Koopmans F16,  Magnusson S17,  Richards AL18,  Sidorenko J19,  Wu Y20,  Zeng J21,  Grove J22,  Kim M23,  Li Z24,  Voloudakis G25,  Zhang W26,  Adams M27,  Agartz I28,  Atkinson EG29,  Agerbo E30,  Al Eissa M31,  Albus M32,  Alexander M33,  Alizadeh BZ34,  Alptekin K35,  Als TD36,  Amin F37,  Arolt V38,  Arrojo M39,  Athanasiu L40,  Azevedo MH41,  Bacanu SA42,  Bass NJ43,  Begemann M44,  Belliveau RA45,  Bene J46,  Benyamin B47,  Bergen SE48,  Blasi G49,  Bobes J50,  Bonassi S51,  Braun A52,  Bressan RA53,  Bromet EJ54,  Bruggeman R55,  Buckley PF56,  Buckner RL57,  Bybjerg-Grauholm J58,  Cahn W59,  Cairns MJ60,  Calkins ME61,  Carr VJ62,  Castle D63,  Catts SV64,  Chambert KD65,  Chan RCK66,  Chaumette B67,  Cheng W68,  Cheung EFC69,  Chong SA70,  Cohen D71,  Consoli A72,  Cordeiro 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    Collaborators
    Dai N Wenwen Q Wildenauer DB Agiananda F Amir N Antoni R Arsianti T Asmarahadi A Diatri H Djatmiko P Irmansyah I Khalimah S Kusumadewi I Kusumaningrum P Lukman PR Nasrun MW Safyuni NS Prasetyawan P Semen G Siste K Tobing H Widiasih N Wiguna T Wulandari D Evalina N Hananto AJ Ismoyo JH Marini TM Henuhili S Reza M Yusnadewi S Abyzov A Akbarian S Ashley-Koch A van Bakel H Breen M Brown M Bryois J Carlyle B Charney A Coetzee G Crawford G Dracheva S Emani P Farnham P Fromer M Galeev T Gandal M Gerstein M Giase G Girdhar K Goes F Grennan K Gu M Guerra B Gursoy G Hoffman G Hyde T Jaffe A Jiang S Jiang Y Kefi A Kim Y Kitchen R Knowles JA Lay F Lee D Li M Liu C Liu S Mattei E Navarro F Pan X Peters MA Pinto D Pochareddy S Polioudakis D Purcaro M Purcell S Pratt H Reddy T Rhie S Roussos P Rozowsky J Sanders S Sestan N Sethi A Shi X Shieh A Swarup V Szekely A Wang D Warrell J Weissman S Weng Z White K Wiseman J Witt H Won H Wood S Wu F Xu X Yao L Zandi P Arranz MJ Bakker S Bender S Bramon E Collier DA Crepo-Facorro B Hall J Iyegbe C Kahn R Lawrie S Lewis C Lin K Linszen DH Mata I McIntosh A Murray RM Ophoff RA van Os J Powell J Rujescu D Walshe M Weisbrod M Achsel T Andres-Alonso M Bagni C Bayés À Biederer T Brose N Brown TC Chua JJE Coba MP Cornelisse LN de Jong APH de Juan-Sanz J Dieterich DC Feng G Goldschmidt HL Gundelfinger ED Hoogenraad C Huganir RL Hyman SE Imig C Jahn R Jung H Kaeser PS Kim E Koopmans F Kreutz MR Lipstein N MacGillavry HD Malenka R McPherson PS O'Connor V Pielot R Ryan TA Sahasrabudhe D Sala C Sheng M Smalla KH Smit AB Südhof TC Thomas PD Toonen RF van Weering JRT Verhage M Verpelli C de Haan L van Amelsvoort T van Winkel R Gareeva A Sham PC Shi Y St Clair D van Os J
    Author information
    1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
    2MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    3Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    4Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
    5Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
    6Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
    7Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    8Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    9MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    10MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    11Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    12Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    13NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    14Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    15MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    16Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    17deCODE Genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    18MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    19Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    20Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    21Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    22The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    23Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    24Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
    25Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    26Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    27Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
    28NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    29Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    30The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    31Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
    32Comedicum Lindwurmhof, Munich, Germany.
    33Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
    34University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
    35Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
    36The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    37Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
    38Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
    39Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
    40NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    41Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
    42Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
    43Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
    44Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
    45Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    46Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
    47Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
    48Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    49Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
    50Área de Psiquiatría-Universidad de Oviedo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain.
    51Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.
    52Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
    53Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    54Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
    55University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
    56Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA.
    57Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    58The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    59University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    60School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    61Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    62School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    63Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
    64Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    65Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    66Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
    67INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France.
    68Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
    69Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
    70Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
    71Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
    72Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
    73Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    74Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
    75Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    76University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.
    77Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    78Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    79Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
    80Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
    81The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    82Sheppard Pratt Health System, Baltimore, MD, USA.
    83First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
    84Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
    85NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
    86Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.
    87Department of Mental Health, ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy.
    88Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
    89Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
    90Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
    91Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
    92Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
    93Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
    94Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
    95Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    96Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    97Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, St Ann's Hospital, London, UK.
    98Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    99Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    100Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
    101Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
    102Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    103Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
    104Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
    105Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    106Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
    107Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
    108Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA.
    109Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    110Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    111Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
    112INSERM, Rouen, France.
    113Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
    114Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    115Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    116Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    117Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
    118Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Leonard Madlyn Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    119Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    120Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    121Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
    122MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
    123School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    124Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
    125Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
    126Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    127Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake Aichi, Japan.
    128Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    129Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
    130Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
    131Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    132Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
    133Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    134Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
    135INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France.
    136Institute for Behavioural Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
    137School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    138Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.
    139Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
    140Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.
    141Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.
    142Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    143Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
    144RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
    145Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
    146Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
    147Psychiatry Department, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
    148Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
    149Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
    150Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
    151Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    152MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    153Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
    154Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
    155Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
    156Zhongshan School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
    157Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
    158Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
    159Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.
    160Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
    161Mental Health Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
    162Hunter New England Health and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    163Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
    164Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
    165MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    166Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
    167Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.
    168Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    169Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
    170Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
    171Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    172Asfalia Biologics, iPEPS-ICM, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
    173Semel Institute for Neurosciene, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    174Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
    175Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    176Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain.
    177Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    178VA Boston Health Care System, Brockton, MA, USA.
    179Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
    180National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
    181Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    182Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
    183Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, School of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary.
    184NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    185Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
    186Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
    187School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    188Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
    189Psychiatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.
    190Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
    191Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    192Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    193Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
    194National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
    195Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
    196Departments of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Family Medicine, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
    197Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain.
    198Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
    199Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
    200Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
    201Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
    202Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.
    203Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    204Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    205Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
    206Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
    207Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
    208Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
    209Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    210NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    211First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
    212Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
    213Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
    214Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Leonard Madlyn Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    215Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    216Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
    217Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Weißer Hirsch, Dresden, Germany.
    218Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    219Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
    220Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
    221Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    222Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    223Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
    224Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
    225Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
    226Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
    227Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
    228Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    229SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
    230Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    231Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
    232Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
    233Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
    234Généthon, Evry, France.
    235THL-Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
    236Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
    237Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    238Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA.
    239Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    240School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    241Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
    242Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
    243Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    244Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    245Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    246West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
    247Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
    248Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.
    249School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
    250Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    251Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.
    252School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK.
    253Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
    254Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
    255Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    256Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
    257Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.
    258Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
    259Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    260Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
    261Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
    262Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    263THL-Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
    264Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
    265Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
    266Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
    267Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    268Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
    269Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
    270Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin-Tarnier, Paris, France.
    271Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
    272School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    273Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
    274Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
    275Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
    276Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    277Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    278Division of Mental Health, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
    279National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
    280Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
    281Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
    282Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
    283Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
    284Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    285Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
    286Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
    287MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    288Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
    289Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
    290Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    291Department of Psychiatry, GGz Centraal, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    292Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
    293Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    294Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    295Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
    296Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    297Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    298Department of Psychiatry, Queens University Kingston, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
    299Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    300Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
    301Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
    302MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    303Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    304School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
    305Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
    306Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan.
    307Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
    308University of Sevilla, CIBERSAM IBiS, Seville, Spain.
    309Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
    310Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
    311Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
    312Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    313Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
    314The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    315Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
    316Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    317Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    318Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    319The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    320The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    321Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
    322Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
    323The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    324Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
    325Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
    326Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    327Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
    328Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
    329Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    330Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    331Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    332Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
    333Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain.
    334College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
    335State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
    336Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    337Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
    338Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
    339Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    340The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark.
    341Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
    342Division of Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
    343Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    344INSERM, Rouen, France.
    345Department of Psychiatry, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    346Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
    347Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK.
    348Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    349UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
    350Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    351Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
    352Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
    353MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    354Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
    355Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA.
    356Department of Human Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG UFRC RAS), Ufa, Russia.
    357Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
    358Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.
    359Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
    360Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology and Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe lab), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
    361Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.
    362Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
    363Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    364Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
    365Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake Aichi, Japan.
    366Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.
    367University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
    368Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    369Department of Human Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG UFRC RAS), Ufa, Russia.
    370MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    371Department of Psychiatry and Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    372INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France.
    373Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
    374Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
    375Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
    376Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
    377Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA.
    378Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
    379Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.
    380Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland.
    381Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
    382Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
    383Department of Preventative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
    384Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    385Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
    386Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    387National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.
    388Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
    389Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
    390Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    391Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
    392Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    393Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
    394Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
    395Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
    396Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
    397Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
    398Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    399Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
    400Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.
    401Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
    402Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
    403Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
    404Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
    405Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
    406deCODE Genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    407deCODE Genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    408Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
    409Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    410Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
    411Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.
    412Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    413School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    414Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
    415Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
    416MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    417MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    418Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
    419Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
    420Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    421Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    422Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    423Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
    424NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
    425Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
    426MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
    427Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    428Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    429Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    430Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
    431Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    432Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. sripke@broadinstitute.org.
    433MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. WaltersJT@cardiff.ac.uk.
    434MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. ODonovanMC@cardiff.ac.uk.
    Abstract

    Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies.


    © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

    Publikations ID: 35396580
    Quelle: öffnen
     
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