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| Nature and science of sleep. 2021 Oct 6. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S327365. pii: 327365. pmc: PMC8502537 |
| Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia - A Multi-National Survey Study. |
| Brandão LEM1, Martikainen T2, Merikanto I3, Holzinger B4, Morin CM5, Espie CA6, Bolstad CJ7, Leger D8, Chung F9, Plazzi G10, Dauvilliers Y11, Matsui K12, De Gennaro L13, Sieminski M14, Nadorff MR15, Chan NY16, Wing YK17, Mota-Rolim SA18, Inoue Y19, Partinen M20, Benedict C21, Bjorvatn B22, Cedernaes J23 |
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Abstract PURPOSE: Lifestyle and work habits have been drastically altered by restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the associated changes in sleep timing modulate the risk of suffering from symptoms of insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder, is however incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the association between the early pandemic-associated change in 1) the magnitude of social jetlag (SJL) - ie, the difference between sleep timing on working vs free days - and 2) symptoms of insomnia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 14,968 anonymous participants (mean age: 40 years; 64% females) responded to a standardized internet-based survey distributed across 14 countries. Using logistic multivariate regression, we examined the association between the degree of social jetlag and symptoms of insomnia, controlling for important confounders like social restriction extension, country specific COVID-19 severity and psychological distress, for example. RESULTS: In response to the pandemic, participants reported later sleep timing, especially during workdays. Most participants (46%) exhibited a reduction in their SJL, whereas 20% increased it; and 34% reported no change in SJL. Notably, we found that both increased and decreased SJL, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, were associated with later sleep midpoint (indicating a later chronotype) as well as more recurrent and moderate-to-severe symptoms of insomnia (about 23-54% higher odds ratio than subjects with unchanged SJL). Primarily those with reduced SJL shifted their bedtimes to a later timepoint, compared with those without changes in SJL. CONCLUSION: Our findings offer important insights into how self-reported changes to the stability of sleep/wake timing, as reflected by changes in SJL, can be a critical marker of the risk of experiencing insomnia-related symptoms - even when individuals manage to reduce their social jetlag. These findings emphasize the clinical importance of analyzing sleep-wake regularity. |
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© 2021 Brandão et al. |
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KEYWORDS: BNSQ, ISI, MSFsc, PHQ-4, midsleep, psychological distress |
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Publikations ID: 34675720 Quelle: öffnen |
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