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    Nature genetics. 2020 Jan 7. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0537-1. pii: 10.1038/s41588-019-0537-1
    Fine-mapping of 150 breast cancer risk regions identifies 191 likely target genes.
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    Collaborators
    Mari V Berthet P Castera L Vaur D Lallaoui H Bignon YJ Uhrhammer N Bonadona V Lasset C Révillion F Vennin P Muller D Gomes DM Ingster O Coupier I Pujol P Collonge-Rame MA Mortemousque I Bera O Rose M Baurand A Bertolone G Faivre L Dreyfus H Leroux D Venat-Bouvet L Bézieau S Delnatte C Chiesa J Gilbert-Dussardier B Gesta P Prieur FP Bronner M Sokolowska J Coulet F Boutry-Kryza N Calender A Giraud S Leone M Fert-Ferrer S Stoppa-Lyonnet D Jiao Y Lesueur FL Mebirouk N Barouk-Simonet E Bubien V Longy M Sevenet N Gladieff L Toulas C Reimineras A Sobol H Paillerets BB Cabaret O Caron O Guillaud-Bataille M Rouleau E Belotti M Buecher B Caputo S Colas C Pauw A Fourme E Gauthier-Villars M Golmard L Moncoutier V Saule C Donaldson A Murray A Brady A Brewer C Pottinger C Miller C Gallagher D Gregory H Cook J Eason J Adlard J Barwell J Ong KR Snape K Walker L Izatt L Side L Tischkowitz M Rogers MT Porteous ME Ahmed M Morrison PJ Brennan P Eeles R Davidson R Sexton A Christian A Trainer A Spigelman A Fellows A Shelling A Fazio A Blackburn A Crook A Meiser B Patterson B Clarke C Saunders C Hunt C Scott C Amor D Marsh D Edkins E Salisbury E Haan E Neidermayr E Macrea F Farshid G Lindeman G Trench G Mann G Giles G Gill G Thorne H Campbell I Hickie I Winship I Flanagan J Kollias J Visvader J Stone J Taylor J Burke J Saunus J Forbes J Hopper J Beesley J Kirk J French J Tucker K Wu K Phillips K Lipton L Andrews L Lobb L Walker L Kentwell M Spurdle M Cummings M Gleeson M Harris M Jenkins M Young MA Delatycki M Wallis M Burgess M Price M Brown M Southey M Bogwitz M Field M Friedlander M Gattas M Saleh M Hayward N Pachter N Cohen P Duijf P James P Simpson P Fong P Butow P Williams R Kefford R Scott R Milne R Balleine R Dawson SJ Lok S O'Connell S Greening S Nightingale S Edwards S Fox S McLachlan SA Lakhani S Antill Y Aalfs C Meijers-Heijboer H van Engelen K Gille H Boere I Collée M van Deurzen C Hooning M Obdeijn IM van den Ouweland A Seynaeve C Siesling S Verloop J van Asperen C Devilee P van Cronenburg T Blok R de Boer M Garcia EG Adank M Hogervorst F Jenner D van Leeuwen F Rookus M Russell N Schmidt M van den Belt-Dusebout S Kets C Mensenkamp A de Bock T van der Hout A Mourits M Oosterwijk J Ausems M Koudijs M Clarke C Marsh D Scott R Baxter R Yip D Carpenter J Davis A Pathmanathan N Simpson P Graham D Sachchithananthan M
    Author information
    1Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    2Centre de Bioinformatique Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
    3Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    4Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    5Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    6Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    7Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    8Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    9Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    10Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    11Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
    12Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
    13Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    14Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    15Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    16Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    17Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    18Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
    19Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    20Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetic Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain.
    21Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    22Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
    23N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus.
    24Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    25Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    26Department of Public Health Sciences and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
    27Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
    28Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
    29Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
    30Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    31High Risk and Cancer Prevention Group, Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
    32Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
    33Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    34Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
    35Centro de Investigación en Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
    36Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia.
    37Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
    38Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
    39Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    40Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
    41N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus.
    42Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
    43Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    44Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
    45Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
    46Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
    47Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
    48Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    49Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
    50Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
    51Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
    52Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
    53Molecular Epidemiology Group (C080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    54Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
    55Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
    56Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
    57SOD Genetica Molecolare, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
    58Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
    59Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    60Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    61Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    62Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
    63Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain.
    64Axe Oncologie, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
    65Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
    66Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
    67Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
    68Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    69Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
    70Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    71Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
    72Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
    73Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
    74Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
    75Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    76Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    77Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
    78Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
    79Oncogenetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain.
    80Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
    81Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    82Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    83Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
    84Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
    85Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
    86Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
    87Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
    88Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UVA-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain.
    89Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
    90School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
    91Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
    92Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
    93Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    94Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
    95David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    96Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
    97Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
    98Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
    99Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
    100Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
    101The Suzanne Levy-Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
    102School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    103Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    104Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    105Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
    106SOD Genetica Molecolare, University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
    107Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    108Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
    109Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
    110Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
    111Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
    112Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
    113Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    114Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    115Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
    116Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
    117Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
    118Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
    119U.O. Anatomia Patologica Ospedale di Circolo, ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy.
    120Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    121Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
    122Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
    123Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
    124Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
    125Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
    126Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    127Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    128Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    129Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    130Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    131Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    132Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
    133Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    134Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    135Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
    136School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    137Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
    138Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    139Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
    140Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
    141Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    142Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
    143Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    144Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.
    145N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
    146Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
    147Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
    148Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
    149Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
    150Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
    151Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    152Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Department of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania.
    153Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
    154Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
    155Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
    156Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
    157Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University and Tampere Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland.
    158Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    159Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    160Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    161Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    162David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    163Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    164Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
    165Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia.
    166Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    167Familial Cancer Service, Weatmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    168Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    169Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany.
    170Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece.
    171Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    172Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    173Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital 'Acibadem Sistina', Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
    174Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics Centre, Happy Valley, Hong Kong.
    175Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
    176The Suzanne Levy-Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
    177VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
    178Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    179Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    180David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    181Institut Curie, Paris, France.
    182Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    183Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
    184Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
    185Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
    186Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    187Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
    188Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    189Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
    190Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    191Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    192Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    193Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    194Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
    195Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
    196Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
    197Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
    198Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
    199Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    200Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    201Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    202Institut Curie, Paris, France.
    203Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
    204NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
    205Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
    206Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV), IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
    207Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
    208Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
    209Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    210Radiation Oncology, Hospital Meixoeiro-XXI de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
    211Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    212Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
    213Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
    214Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
    215Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
    216Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
    217Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
    218Center for Genomic Medicine at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    219Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.
    220Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
    221Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    222Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
    223Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
    224Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
    225Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
    226Centro de Investigación en Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
    227University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
    228Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
    229Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
    230Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
    231Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    232Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
    233Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
    234Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
    235Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
    236Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM-the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
    237Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
    238Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
    239Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
    240Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
    241School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
    242Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia.
    243ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
    244Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
    245Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy.
    246School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
    247Clinical Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    248Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    249Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
    250Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
    251Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    252Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
    253Center for Genomic Medicine at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    254Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
    255Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
    256Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
    257Centro de Investigación en Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
    258School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
    259Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
    260Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
    261Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    262Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
    263Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    264Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
    265Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    266Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
    267Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
    268Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
    269Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
    270Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
    271Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    272Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, USA.
    273Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
    274Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
    275Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    276Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
    277University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Medical Faculty, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
    278Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    279Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
    280Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    281Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    282Department of Tumour Biology, INSERM U830, Paris, France.
    283Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
    284Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
    285Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
    286Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
    287Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
    288Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
    289Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal.
    290Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
    291Breast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    292Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
    293Hereditary Cancer Program, ONCOBELL-IDIBELL-IDIBGI-IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.
    294Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odence, Denmark.
    295Department of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
    296Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
    297Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
    298Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
    299Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
    300Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
    301Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
    302Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
    303Cancer and Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
    304Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
    305Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
    306Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Baden-Baden, Germany.
    307Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
    308Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
    309Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    310Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
    311Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
    312Division of Functional Onco-genomics and Genetics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
    313Clinical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
    314Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    315Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    316Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
    317Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, USA.
    318Clinical Cancer Genomics, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
    319Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    320Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
    321Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
    322Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    323Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
    324Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, Greece.
    325Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    326Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
    327Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
    328Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    329Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
    330Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
    331Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
    332Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
    333Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
    334Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    335Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    336Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    337Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
    338Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
    339Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    340Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. pkraft@hsph.harvard.edu.
    341Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. amd24@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
    Abstract

    Genome-wide association studies have identified breast cancer risk variants in over 150 genomic regions, but the mechanisms underlying risk remain largely unknown. These regions were explored by combining association analysis with in silico genomic feature annotations. We defined 205 independent risk-associated signals with the set of credible causal variants in each one. In parallel, we used a Bayesian approach (PAINTOR) that combines genetic association, linkage disequilibrium and enriched genomic features to determine variants with high posterior probabilities of being causal. Potentially causal variants were significantly over-represented in active gene regulatory regions and transcription factor binding sites. We applied our INQUSIT pipeline for prioritizing genes as targets of those potentially causal variants, using gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci), chromatin interaction and functional annotations. Known cancer drivers, transcription factors and genes in the developmental, apoptosis, immune system and DNA integrity checkpoint gene ontology pathways were over-represented among the highest-confidence target genes.


    Publikations ID: 31911677
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