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    Science (New York, N.Y.). pii: 359/6374/456. doi: 10.1126/science.aap8369
    The earliest modern humans outside Africa.
    Hershkovitz I1,  Weber GW2,  Quam R3,  Duval M4,  Grün R5,  Kinsley L6,  Ayalon A7,  Bar-Matthews M8,  Valladas H9,  Mercier N10,  Arsuaga JL11,  Martinón-Torres M12,  Bermúdez de Castro JM13,  Fornai C14,  Martín-Francés L15,  Sarig R16,  May H17,  Krenn VA18,  Slon V19,  Rodríguez L20,  García R21,  Lorenzo C22,  Carretero JM23,  Frumkin A24,  Shahack-Gross R25,  Bar-Yosef Mayer DE26,  Cui Y27,  Wu X28,  Peled N29,  Groman-Yaroslavski I30,  Weissbrod L31,  Yeshurun R32,  Tsatskin A33,  Zaidner Y34,  Weinstein-Evron M35
    Author information
    1Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Post Office Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel. anatom2@tauex.tau.ac.il.
    2Department of Anthropology and Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
    3Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
    4Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE), Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia.
    5Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE), Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia.
    6Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
    7Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 9550161, Israel.
    8Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 9550161, Israel.
    9Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
    10Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, UMR 5060 CNRS - Université de Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre de Recherche en Physique Appliquée à l'Archéologie (CRP2A), Maison de l'archéologie, 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France.
    11Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
    12National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.
    13National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.
    14Department of Anthropology and Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
    15National Research Center on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain.
    16The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research and The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Post Office Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
    17Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Post Office Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
    18Department of Anthropology and Core Facility for Micro-Computed Tomography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
    19Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Post Office Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
    20Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
    21Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
    22Área de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.
    23Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
    24Institute of Earth Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
    25Department of Maritime Civilizations, Recanati Institute of Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.
    26Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
    27Department of Paleoanthropology, Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Science, Str. Xizhimenwai no. 144, 100044 Beijing, China.
    28Department of Paleoanthropology, Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Science, Str. Xizhimenwai no. 144, 100044 Beijing, China.
    29Department of Radiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, 3436212 Israel.
    30Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.
    31Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.
    32Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.
    33Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.
    34Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.
    35Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Mount Carmel 3498838, Israel.
    Abstract

    To date, the earliest modern human fossils found outside of Africa are dated to around 90,000 to 120,000 years ago at the Levantine sites of Skhul and Qafzeh. A maxilla and associated dentition recently discovered at Misliya Cave, Israel, was dated to 177,000 to 194,000 years ago, suggesting that members of the Homo sapiens clade left Africa earlier than previously thought. This finding changes our view on modern human dispersal and is consistent with recent genetic studies, which have posited the possibility of an earlier dispersal of Homo sapiens around 220,000 years ago. The Misliya maxilla is associated with full-fledged Levallois technology in the Levant, suggesting that the emergence of this technology is linked to the appearance of Homo sapiens in the region, as has been documented in Africa.


    Copyright © 2018, The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

    Publikations ID: 29371468
    Quelle: öffnen
     
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