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    Nature. 2017 Aug 2. pii: nature23310. doi: 10.1038/nature23310
    Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans.
    Lazaridis I1,  Mittnik A2,  Patterson N3,  Mallick S4,  Rohland N5,  Pfrengle S6,  Furtwängler A7,  Peltzer A8,  Posth C9,  Vasilakis A10,  McGeorge PJP11,  Konsolaki-Yannopoulou E12,  Korres G13,  Martlew H14,  Michalodimitrakis M15,  Özsait M16,  Özsait N17,  Papathanasiou A18,  Richards M19,  Roodenberg SA20,  Tzedakis Y21,  Arnott R22,  Fernandes DM23,  Hughey JR24,  Lotakis DM25,  Navas PA26,  Maniatis Y27,  Stamatoyannopoulos JA28,  Stewardson K29,  Stockhammer P30,  Pinhasi R31,  Reich D32,  Krause J33,  Stamatoyannopoulos G34
    Author information
    1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
    2Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
    3Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
    4Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
    5Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
    6Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
    7Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
    8Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
    9Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
    1023rd Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, 71202 Herakleion, Crete.
    11British School at Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece.
    1226th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, Greek Ministry of Culture, 13536 Piraeus, Greece.
    13Department of Archaeology, University of Athens, 17584 Athens, Greece.
    14The Holley Martlew Archaeological Foundation, The Hellenic Archaeological Foundation, Tivoli House, Tivoli Road, Cheltenham GL50 2TD, UK.
    15University of Crete Medical School, 711 13 Herakleion, Crete, Greece.
    16Erenköy, Bayar caddesi, Eser Apt. Number 7, Daire 24, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
    17Erenköy, Bayar caddesi, Eser Apt. Number 7, Daire 24, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
    18Ephorate of Paleoantropology and Speleology, Greek Ministry of Culture, 11636 Athens, Greece.
    19Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
    20Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
    21Hellenic Archaeological Service, Samara, 27, Paleo Psychico, 15452 Athens, Greece.
    22Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK.
    23School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
    24Division of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Hartnell College, 411 Central Avenue, Salinas, California 93901, USA.
    25Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
    26Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
    27Laboratory of Archaeometry, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi 153 10, Attiki, Greece.
    28Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
    29Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
    30Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
    31School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
    32Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
    33Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
    34Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
    Abstract

    The origins of the Bronze Age Minoan and Mycenaean cultures have puzzled archaeologists for more than a century. We have assembled genome-wide data from 19 ancient individuals, including Minoans from Crete, Mycenaeans from mainland Greece, and their eastern neighbours from southwestern Anatolia. Here we show that Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically similar, having at least three-quarters of their ancestry from the first Neolithic farmers of western Anatolia and the Aegean, and most of the remainder from ancient populations related to those of the Caucasus and Iran. However, the Mycenaeans differed from Minoans in deriving additional ancestry from an ultimate source related to the hunter-gatherers of eastern Europe and Siberia, introduced via a proximal source related to the inhabitants of either the Eurasian steppe or Armenia. Modern Greeks resemble the Mycenaeans, but with some additional dilution of the Early Neolithic ancestry. Our results support the idea of continuity but not isolation in the history of populations of the Aegean, before and after the time of its earliest civilizations.


    Publikations ID: 28783727
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